简析mysql字符集导致恢复数据库报错问题
mysql字符集编码错误的导入数据会提示错误了，这个和插入数据一样如果保存的数据与mysql编码不一样那么肯定会出现导入乱码或插入数据丢失的问题，下面我们一起来看一个例子。
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恢复数据库报错：由于字符集问题，最原始的数据库默认编码是latin1，新备份的数据库的编码是utf8，因此导致恢复错误。
[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p’admin’ t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2022-06-18.sql
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 292: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ”<a href=\”ht’ at line 1
修复方法(未实测)：
[root@Test ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p’admin’ –default-character-set=latin1 t4x < /tmp/11x-B-2022-06-18.sql
MySQL
— MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.37, for Linux (x86_64)
—
— Host: localhost Database: t4x
— ——————————————————
— Server version 5.5.37-log
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=’ 00:00′ */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=’NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO’ */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
—
— Current Database: `t4x`
—
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
—
— Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`
—
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` (
`sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT ”,
`type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`create_time` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0’,
`start` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0’,
`end` int(11) DEFAULT ‘0’,
`item_count` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT ‘0’,
`file_size` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT ‘0’,
`lost_time` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT ‘0’,
PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
KEY `start` (`start`),
KEY `end` (`end`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=84 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
0
1
[root@hk byrd]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p’admin’ t4x < /tmp/t4x-B-2022-06-17.sql
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 295: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ”i’ at line 1
MySQL
— MySQL dump 10.11
—
— Host: localhost Database: t4x
— ——————————————————
— Server version 5.0.95-log
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=’ 00:00′ */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=’NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO’ */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
—
— Current Database: `t4x`
—
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `t4x` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;
USE `t4x`;
—
— Table structure for table `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`
—
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `wp_baidusubmit_sitemap` (
`sid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL default ”,
`type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
`create_time` int(10) NOT NULL default ‘0’,
`start` int(11) default ‘0’,
`end` int(11) default ‘0’,
`item_count` int(10) unsigned default ‘0’,
`file_size` int(10) unsigned default ‘0’,
`lost_time` int(10) unsigned default ‘0’,
PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
KEY `start` (`start`),
KEY `end` (`end`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=83 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
字符集相关：
MySQL
mysql>show variables like ‘%character_set%’;
————————– —————————-
| Variable_name | Value |
————————– —————————-
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
————————– —————————-
mysql>set names gbk;
mysql>show variables like ‘%character_set%’;
————————– —————————-
| Variable_name | Value |
————————– —————————-
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
————————– —————————-
mysql>system cat /etc/my.cnf | grep default #客户端设置字符集client下面
default-character-set=gbk
mysql>show variables like ‘%character_set%’;
————————– —————————-
| Variable_name | Value |
————————– —————————-
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
————————– —————————-
mysql> system cat /etc/my.cnf|grep character-set-server #客户端设置字符集mysqld下面
character-set-server = cp1250
mysql> show variables like ‘%character_set%’;
————————– ——————————————–
| Variable_name | Value |
————————– ——————————————–
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | cp1250 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | cp1250 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /byrd/service/mysql/5.6.26/share/charsets/ |
————————– ——————————————–
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其他的一些设置方法：
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;
通过配置文件修改:
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci
重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like ‘character_set_%’;
————————– —————————-
| Variable_name | Value |
————————– —————————-
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
————————– —————————-
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> show variables like ‘collation_%’;
———————- —————–
| Variable_name | Value |
———————- —————–
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
———————- —————–
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
总结
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