docker镜像的拉取登陆上传及保存等相关使用命令
目录
-
docker 中的三大基本概念
-
镜像容器仓库
docker 镜像相关命令
-
常用镜像仓库搜索镜像拉取镜像查看当前系统上的有哪些镜像获取镜像的详细信息登录镜像仓库为镜像标签镜像上传镜像的删除清空镜像查看镜像历史(镜像的构建历史)保存镜像(commit)保存镜像(import/export)保存镜像(save/load)保存镜像三种方式的区别
docker 中的三大基本概念
镜像
镜像就是启动一个容器的模板。
容器
容器就是对外提供服务的进程。或者容器就是镜像启动起来的一个实例。
仓库
仓库是用来存放镜像的地方。
docker 镜像相关命令
常用镜像仓库
官方仓库:hub.docker.com
自己的私有仓库:Harbor
阿里云私有仓库:registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
搜索镜像
- #格式
- docker search [镜像名称]
- # 实例
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拉取镜像
- # 格式
- docker pull [镜像名称]
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker pull redis
- Using default tag: latest
- latest: Pulling from library/redis
- # 镜像层
- a076a628af6f: Already exists
- f40dd07fe7be: Pull complete
- ce21c8a3dbee: Pull complete
- ee99c35818f8: Pull complete
- 56b9a72e68ff: Pull complete
- 3f703e7f380f: Pull complete
- # 镜像ID号(镜像ID号是全球唯一)
- Digest: sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494
- # 镜像下载状态
- Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
- # 镜像的全称(镜像的tag)
- docker.io/library/redis:latest
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查看当前系统上的有哪些镜像
- # 格式
- docker images 或者 docker image ls
- # 参数
- -q : 只显示镜像ID
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images -q
- 621ceef7494a
- f6d0b4767a6c
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获取镜像的详细信息
- # 格式
- docker inspect [镜像名称或镜像ID]
- # 参数
- -f : 格式化输出
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker inspect -f ‘{{.Id}}’ 621ceef7494a
- sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker inspect -f ‘{{.ContainerConfig.Hostname}}’ redis
- 16535cfaf84a
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登录镜像仓库
- # 格式
- docker login
- 注: 默认情况下,docker login登录的是官方仓库,如果登录其他镜像仓库则需要指定镜像仓库的URL连接。
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker login registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
- Username: yangyang091022
- Password:
- WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
- Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
- https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
- Login Succeeded
- [root@Centos7 ~]# cat ~/.docker/config.json
- {
- “auths”: {
- “registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com”: {
- “auth”: “eWFuZ3lhbmcwOTEwMjI6Y2hlbjE4NzkwMDcwODMw”
- }
- }
- }
- # 参数
- –username|-u : 指定用户名
- –password|-p : 指定密码
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为镜像标签
- # 镜像标签的构成
- docker.io/library/redis:latest
- docker.io : 镜像仓库的URL
- library :镜像仓库命名空间
- redis : 镜像名称
- latest : 镜像版本号
- # 打标签
- # 格式
- docker tag [镜像ID] 镜像标签
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
- nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker tag 621ceef7494a registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
- registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis v2 621ceef7494a 2 months ago 104MB
- nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 months ago 133MB
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镜像上传
- # 格式
- docker push [镜像标签]
- # 注:要想上传镜像,首先得登录镜像仓库,其次设置对应镜像仓库的tag
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2
- The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis]
- 3480f9cdd491: Pushed
- a24a292d0184: Pushed
- f927192cc30c: Pushed
- 1450b8f0019c: Pushed
- 8e14cb7841fa: Pushed
- cb42413394c4: Pushed
- v2: digest: sha256:7ef832c720228ac7898dbd8d1e237b0738e94f94fc7e981cb7b8efe84555e892 size: 1572
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镜像的删除
- # 格式
- docker rmi [镜像名称或者镜像ID]
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi nginx
- # 参数
- -f : 强制删除
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi -f nginx
- Untagged: nginx:latest
- Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
- # 注:当有容器正在使用镜像时,强制删除镜像,只能删除镜像的所有tag, 不会删除镜像。
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清空镜像
- # 格式
- docker image prune
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune
- WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
- Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
- Total reclaimed space: 0B
- # 参数
- -a : 删除所有镜像
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune -a
- WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.
- Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
- Deleted Images:
- untagged: redis:latest
- untagged: redis@sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494
- untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis:v2
- untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alvinos/redis@sha256:7ef832c720228ac7898dbd8d1e237b0738e94f94fc7e981cb7b8efe84555e892
- deleted: sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb
- deleted: sha256:de66cfbf4712b8ba9ef292e08ef7487be26d9d21b350548e400ae351405d820e
- deleted: sha256:79b2381e35429e8fc04d31b3445f069c22d288bf5c4cba7b7c10004ff78ae201
- deleted: sha256:1d047d19be363b00139990d4d7f392dabdb0809dbc9d0fbe67c1f15b8caed27a
- deleted: sha256:8c41f4e708c37059df28ae1cabc200a6db2fee45bd3a2cadcf70f2765bb68730
- deleted: sha256:b51317bef36fe1900be48402c8a41fcd9cdb6b8950c10209f764473cb8323371
- Total reclaimed space: 35.04MB
- [root@Centos7 ~]#
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查看镜像历史(镜像的构建历史)
- # 格式
- docker history [镜像ID或镜像名称]
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker history alpine
- IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
- 7731472c3f2a 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [“/bin/sh”] 0B
- <missing> 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:edbe213ae0c825a5b… 5.61MB
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保存镜像(commit)
- # 保存正在运行的容器直接为镜像
- # 格式:
- docker commit [容器ID|容器名称]
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker commit -a “Alvin” -m “这是一个docker镜像” -p be3b92e2886b test:v1
- sha256:4a06cd2af42877b5e2908073061f7ae1bf9e308a470bdfc0c6f906ef368aaed8
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- test v1 4a06cd2af428 5 seconds ago 104MB
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保存镜像(import/export)
- # 保存正在运行的容器为镜像压缩包
- ## 保存容器为镜像
- docker export [容器的ID] > [包名称]
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker export be3b92e2886b > redis.tar
- [root@Centos7 ~]# ll | grep redis
- -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 104178688 Mar 18 17:30 redis.tar
- ## docker import [包名称] [自定义镜像名称]
- # 实例
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker import redis.tar test:v3
- sha256:7776db3402fb8d59f6121a3b1977b5e7016f4064cf59218fd1b06637cb0fca87
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- test v3 7776db3402fb 6 seconds ago 101MB
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保存镜像(save/load)
- # 保存镜像为压缩包
- # 保存镜像的格式:
- docker save [镜像名称|镜像ID] > [包名称]
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker save 7731472c3f2a > apline.tar
- [root@Centos7 ~]# ll
- -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker save -o apline-two.tar 7731472c3f2a
- [root@Centos7 ~]# ll
- total 148692
- -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar
- -rw——-. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:37 apline-two.tar
- # 导入镜像的格式:
- docker load < [包名称]
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker load < apline.tar
- c04d1437198b: Loading layer [========================================>] 5.88MB/5.88MB
- Loaded image ID: sha256:7731472c3f2a25edbb9c085c78f42ec71259f2b83485aa60648276d408865839
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- <none> <none> 7731472c3f2a 2 months ago 5.61MB
- # 注:save/load保存镜像无法自定义镜像名称,save保存镜像时如果使用ID保存则load导入镜像无名称,使用名称导入时才有名称。
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker save busybox:latest > busybox.tar
- [root@Centos7 ~]# ll
- total 150120
- -rw-r–r–. 1 root root 1459200 Mar 18 17:43 busybox.tar
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi b97242f89c8a
- Untagged: busybox:latest
- Untagged: busybox@sha256:c5439d7db88ab5423999530349d327b04279ad3161d7596d2126dfb5b02bfd1f
- Deleted: sha256:b97242f89c8a29d13aea12843a08441a4bbfc33528f55b60366c1d8f6923d0d4
- Deleted: sha256:0064d0478d0060343cb2888ff3e91e718f0bffe9994162e8a4b310adb2a5ff74
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker load < busybox.tar
- 0064d0478d00: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.45MB/1.45MB
- Loaded image: busybox:latest
- [root@Centos7 ~]# docker images
- REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
- busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB
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保存镜像三种方式的区别
1、export保存的镜像体积要小于save(save保存更完全,export保存会丢掉一些不必要的数据)
2、export可以重命名镜像名称而save则不行
3、save可以同时保存多个镜像而export则不行
以上就是docker镜像的拉取登陆上传及保存等相关使用命令的详细内容,更多关于docker镜像拉取登陆上传保存等使用命令的资料请关注共生网络其它相关文章!
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