Linux系统实现ansible自动化安装配置httpd的方法
1、使用ansible的playbook实现自动化安装httpd
1）首先配置好ansible的hosts文件，让其对应主机能够受ansible控制
提示：我们在主机清单上配置了所管控的主机地址，但是直接用ansible的ping模块去探测主机的存活情况，却显示权限拒绝。从提示上说让我们要指定用什么验证。默认情况ansible是通过ssh的key验证的，所以我们在ansible的主机清单中配置了管控主机的ip是不够的，还要配置ssh基于KEY验证
2）配置管控主机能够基于SSH key验证
[root@test ~]# ip a s enp2s0
2: enp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:30:18:51:af:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.99/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute enp2s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.1.2/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global noprefixroute enp2s0:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::230:18ff:fe51:af3c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory ‘/root/.ssh’.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:UORxi5JhiKDBOhZP3FsbsZfyCjqUcjwqdl1qcnTyGsw root@test
The key’s randomart image is:
+—[RSA 2048]—-+
|+…..oo= . |
|.+.o.o B.+.. |
|o + *o=o. |
|o….. ++ |
|.o * + oS. |
| = B B . |
|.o = E o |
|o . = o |
| . |
+—-[SHA256]—–+
[root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.0.99 -p 41319
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: “/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub”
The authenticity of host ‘[192.168.0.99]:41319 ([192.168.0.99]:41319)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:W2pD2PA2K9tGKGVK+weiINcVESkUaHjsTI263OVqBh4.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:3a:f8:c9:b1:63:c6:c1:ae:e0:6e:e2:ca:17:4a:20:7a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed — if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.0.99’s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: “ssh -p ‘41319’ ‘192.168.0.99’”
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@test ~]# scp -r .ssh 192.168.0.10:~/
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.0.10 (192.168.0.10)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EG9nua4JJuUeofheXlgQeL9hX5H53JynOqf2vf53mII.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:83:e6:46:2c:4b:bb:33:13:56:17:f7:fd:76:71:cc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.0.10’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.0.10’s password:
id_rsa 100% 1675 677.0KB/s 00:00
id_rsa.pub 100% 391 207.6KB/s 00:00
known_hosts 100% 356 12.2KB/s 00:00
authorized_keys 100% 391 12.6KB/s 00:00
[root@test ~]# 提示：做ssh基于key验证需要在ansible主机上做，我上面是现在ansible主机上生成一对ssh密钥，然后通过ssh-copy-id 把公钥复制给本机生成authorized_keys文件，然后在把.ssh目录复制给远端客户机，这样一来ansible主机可以通过ssh基于key免密登录远端客户机，同时远端客户机也可以通过ssh免密登录ansible主机，这样就实现了双向的ssh基于key验证，如果你只想单向的通过ssh基于key认证，你可以在ansible主机上生成密钥对，然后把公钥发给对方即可。有关ssh基于key认证的详细说明请参考本人博客https://www.jb51.net/article/180381.htm
测试：用ansible主机通过ssh远程客户端主机
[root@test ~]# ssh 192.168.0.10
Last login: Mon Jan 27 04:58:46 2022 from 192.168.0.99
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f2:82:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.0.10 closed.
[root@test ~]# 提示：可以看到ansible主机能够正常免密登录远端主机，接下我们在用ansible的ping模块去探测下被管控主机的存活
提示：能够看到用ansible的ping模块去探测远端主机的存活，返回的状态是SUCCESS，数据是pong说明对端主机上存活的
到此ansible的环境就准备好了，接下来写playbook来安装httpd
[root@test ~]# cat install_httpd.yml
—
– hosts: websers
remote_user: root
tasks:
– name: copy epel file
copy: src=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
– name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd
– name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook -C install_httpd.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [copy epel file] ****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [install httpd] *****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [start httpd] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=3 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]# 提示：以上playbook的主要内容是把本机的yum源复制到远端服务器上，然后通过yum去安装httpd包，最后启动httpd;在写好playbook后，我们用ansible-playbook -C install_httpd.yml 命令对我们写的playbook进行了测试，没有问题，接下来我们使用ansible-playbook来安装httpd
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook install_httpd.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [copy epel file] ****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [install httpd] *****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [start httpd] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=3 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]# 提示：从ansible-playbook 对playbook的执行状态来看是成功了，接下来我们直接使用浏览器来访问192.168.0.10，看看httpd是否已经能够正常访问，如果能正常访问说明httpd已经安装好了
提示：可以看到我们用浏览器是直接可以访问到192.168.0.10的测试页面，说明httpd在192.168.0.10上安装成功
2、建立httpd服务器，要求提供两个基于名称的虚拟主机:
(1)www.X.com，页面文件目录为/web/vhosts/x;错误日志为/var/log/httpd/x.err，访问日志为/var/log/httpd/x.access
新建虚拟主机www.X.com的配置文件
[root@test ~]# cat x_com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.X.com
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/x”
<Directory “/web/vhosts/x”>
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog “logs/x.err”
CustomLog “logs/x.access” combined
</VirtualHost>
[root@test ~]# 提示：我们在ansible主机上把配置文件建立好，待会直接用ansible把文件X到对应主机的对应目录下即可使用
(2)www.Y.com，页面文件目录为/web/vhosts/y;错误日志为/var/log/httpd/www2.err，访问日志为/var/log/httpd/y.access
新建虚拟主机www.Y.com的配置文件
[root@test ~]# cat y_com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.Y.com
DocumentRoot “/web/vhosts/y”
<Directory “/web/vhosts/y”>
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog “logs/www2.err”
CustomLog “logs/y.access” combined
</VirtualHost>
[root@test ~]#
(3)为两个虚拟主机建立各自的主页文件index.html，内容分别为其对应的主机名
[root@test ~]# cat x_index.html
<h1> www.X.com</h1>
[root@test ~]# cat y_index.html
<h1> www.Y.com</h1>
[root@test ~]# 提示：以上文件在ansible主机上准备好了以后，我们接下来写一个playbook把对应的文件直接X到远端主机即可
[root@test ~]# cat set_virtualhost_conf_file.yml
—
– hosts: websers
remote_user: root
tasks:
– name: mkdir virtualhost documentroot directory
shell: mkdir -p /web/vhosts/{x,y}
– name: copy x_com.conf to remotehost
copy: src=/root/x_com.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/x_com.conf
– name: copy x_com index file
copy: src=/root/x_index.html dest=/web/vhosts/x/index.html
– name: copy y_com.conf to remotehost
copy: src=/root/y_com.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/y_com.conf
– name: copy y_com index file
copy: src=/root/y_index.html dest=/web/vhosts/y/index.html
[root@test ~]# 提示：以上文件的内容主要把我们建立好的配置文件X到对应主机的对应目录，接下来我们来检查下我们写的playbook是否语法问题
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook -C set_virtualhost_conf_file.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [mkdir virtualhost documentroot directory] **************************************************************************
skipping: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=4 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]# 提示：测试playbook没有问题，接下来我们来运行playbook，把对应的文件X到httpd服务器上，然后在服务器上检查我们写的配置文件是否正确
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook set_virtualhost_conf_file.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [mkdir virtualhost documentroot directory] **************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=directory rather than running mkdir
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=5 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]# 提示：从上面的返回状态看，都是成功的，只是第一个任务提示我们使用file模块去创建目录会更好一些，接下来我们使用ansible的shell模块去检查远端服务器上的配置文件的语法是否正确
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a ‘httpd -t’
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c. Set the ‘ServerName’ directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
[root@test ~]# 提示：我们利用ansible在远程主机上检查httpd的配置文件语法是没有问题，它提示我们没有servername，这个提示可以不用管它，如果你觉得非要处理一下也可以，在httpd的主配置文件中找到ServerName 把对应的servername配置上就好了；接下来我们重启httpd，然后在客户机X问两个虚拟主机
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a ‘systemctl restart httpd’
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[root@test ~]# 在客户端上更改/etc/hosts文件，让其访问www.X.com 和www.Y.com 能够解析到远程主机
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.10 www.X.com www.Y.com
[root@test ~]# 测试：利用curl 分别访问两个虚拟主机，看看对应的主页文件内容是否不同
[root@test ~]# curl http://www.X.com/index.html
<h1> www.X.com</h1>
[root@test ~]# curl http://www.Y.com/index.html
<h1> www.Y.com</h1>
[root@test ~]# 提示：我们利用curl对其各自虚拟主机的主页文件访问，都能看到对应的主页文件内容，当然你也可以更改Windows的hosts文件，把对应的解析内容写进去，然后通过Windows浏览器也是可以的，如下所示：
提示：在windows上找到hosts文件，然后把对应的记录添加进去，如下
提示：接下来我们利用Windows的浏览器来访问下两个虚拟主机
接下我们在看看httpd服务器的日志是否都已生成
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a ‘ls -l /var/log/httpd’
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
总用量 16
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 2668 1月 27 06:30 access_log
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 2940 1月 27 07:34 error_log
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 0 1月 27 07:38 www2.err
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 500 1月 27 07:52 x.access
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 0 1月 27 07:38 x.err
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 500 1月 27 07:52 y.access
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a ‘cat /var/log/httpd/x.access’
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
192.168.0.99 – – [27/Jan/2022:07:39:15 -0500] “GET /index.html HTTP/1.1” 200 20 “-” “curl/7.29.0”
192.168.0.232 – – [27/Jan/2022:07:52:31 -0500] “GET / HTTP/1.1” 200 20 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) APPleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36”
192.168.0.232 – – [27/Jan/2022:07:52:31 -0500] “GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1” 404 209 “http://www.x.com/” “Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36”
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a ‘cat /var/log/httpd/y.access’
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
192.168.0.99 – – [27/Jan/2022:07:39:19 -0500] “GET /index.html HTTP/1.1” 200 20 “-” “curl/7.29.0”
192.168.0.232 – – [27/Jan/2022:07:52:48 -0500] “GET / HTTP/1.1” 200 20 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36”
192.168.0.232 – – [27/Jan/2022:07:52:48 -0500] “GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1” 404 209 “http://www.y.com/” “Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36”
[root@test ~]# 提示：可以看到httpd服务器上都已经生成了对应名称的日志文件。
总结
以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Linux系统实现ansible自动化安装配置httpd的方法，希望对大家有所帮助！
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